Behavior of the Income of the Economically Active Population Employed in the Economic Activities of the SCIAN in Mexico During the Covid-19

The pandemic became a great challenge for many aspects of life, economic performance is no ex-ception. There is evidence that the Employed Economically Active Population (EAP) decreased in Mex-ico as an effect of Covid-19, however, the behavior of the income of the Economically Active Population (EAP) that remained employed is unknown. In this context, the objective of this research is to analyze the behavior of the EAP income for each sector of activity in Mexico in times of pandemic (2020 and 1 quarter of 2021). As a methodology, the Mincer wage model was used and the rate of revenue growth was observed. The data were obtained from the National Survey of Occupation and Employment (NSOE). The results show that the EAP that works in the sectors of "Agriculture, livestock, forestry, fishing and hunting" and "Mining", suffered the greatest decrease in their income. Finally, it is concluded that Covid-19 caused the decrease in the EAP in Mexico, but also the decrease in the income of those people who have kept their jobs. © 2022, Revista Portuguesa de Estudos Regionais. All rights reserved.

Use of blood products and hemostatic agents during massive transfusions: Review of our practice

Background : Massive bleeding(MB) is associated with coagulopathy and high mortality. Currently, there are diverse approaches to the management of MB. The main difference is the number of blood products in the transfusion packages, which include red blood cells(RBC), fresh frozen plasma(FFP) and platelet concentrates(PC). The use of hemostatic agents like fibrinogen concentrate(FC), tranexamic acid and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) has been shown to reduce mortality.Our MB protocol utilizes a ratio of 4RBC:4FFP:1PC in the initial transfusion package. Our hospital administrates approx. 12000 blood products/year. The anesthetics team is experienced with the use of Rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM) in the management of MB. Aims : This study aimed to determine the use of blood components and hemostatic agents during MB in our hospital. Methods : We performed a retrospective review of MB cases from January 2018 to December 2020. Patient demographics, indications and laboratory records were analyzed. ROTEM guided transfusion was performed by the team of anesthesiologists managing the patient. Results : During this period, a total of 108 MB were detected, with an average of 36/year. The medium age for these events was 57.18 y (range of 18-88 y) and included 49 females and 59 males. MB were associated with surgery(57), cirrhotic complications(27), trauma(20), obstetric bleeding(4).The blood products used were 850 RBC(average 7.87/patient) and 169 PC(average 1.56/patient). Of the 510 FFP units(average 4.72/patient) that were thawed, 411(average 3.84/patient) were used. The remaining units were discarded. Tranexamic acid was used in 70 patients and CCP in 13.There was a favorable outcome in 83 cases and 25 patients died from the major bleeding event.A decrease in MB events was recorded during the COVID pandemic. Conclusions : The optimal way to resuscitate patients with MB remains unclear, and clinical trials are difficult to perform in this setting. We believe that uniform approach for the management of MB is deleterious to the best use of blood products.

COVID-19 and its impact on Ecuador's poverty: Scenario method

Government action taken to combat the pandemic paralyzes economic activities and affecting the working condition that is the main source of income for the population. Therefore, the objective of this research is to estimate and analyze the impacts of COVID-19 on Poverty in Ecuador using the scenario method. For this reason, based on data from the 2019 National Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment Survey (ENEMDU), six scenarios were built that they consider alternatives in terms of reducing household income and poverty rates were calculated, taking into account the monetary approach and under the methodology used by the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC). The main results show that poverty in Ecuador could increase to 27.2%, 29.2% or 34.7%, if household incomes decrease by 5%, 10% or 20% respectively. © 2020 Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. All rights reserved.